Grade 11 Culture and Heritage Tourism

Refer to the Tripadvisor review: "Great and informative visit to a Xhosa village — We were recently in East London while on a cruise and booked a cultural village tour for the afternoon. After a 40 km picturesque drive, we arrived at the Khaya La Bantu Xhosa Cultural Village. Upon our arrival the atmosphere was electric with the sound of beating drums, traditional dancing, colourful traditional clothing and singing. Thereafter we were introduced to the custom of lobola and Xhosa heritage. There was also an opportunity to sample traditional dishes and locally brewed beer, as well as purchasing interesting arts and crafts. We enjoyed this tour and highly recommend it." — Robin, London, United Kingdom, Dec 2019 [Adapted from www.tripadvisor.co.za] 5.1.3 Explain the Xhosa custom of lobola. (2)

Refer to the extract: "SIBUDU CAVE FINALLY DECLARED A NATIONAL HERITAGE SITE — Sibudu Cave, located on a farm in Sinembe, Kwadukuza Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, was declared a National Heritage Site in 2020. Sibudu Cave, a rock shelter above the uThongathi River in KwaZulu-Natal, is regarded as one of South Africa’s most important archaeological sites. Discovered in 1967, Sibudu was first excavated in 1983 by archaeologist Aron Mazel of the Natal Museum. Between 1998 and 2011, Wits University directed the excavations, and since 2011 excavations have been directed by a German university. This prehistoric site is believed to hold answers about early human behaviour. The cave shows a long record of occupation between 77 000 and 35 000 years ago during the Middle Stone Age. From the excavations at Sibudu, evidence has been found of some of the earliest examples in the world of sea-shell beads, a wide variety of bone tools, bone arrowheads for hunting, use of herbal medicine, and the earliest example of the use of bedding - all about 70,000 years old." [Adapted from www.wits.ac.za and www.northcoastcourier.co.za] 5.2.1 Name the agency of the Department of Arts and Culture that declared Sibudu Cave a National Heritage Site in 2020. (2)

Refer to the extract: "SIBUDU CAVE FINALLY DECLARED A NATIONAL HERITAGE SITE — Sibudu Cave, located on a farm in Sinembe, Kwadukuza Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, was declared a National Heritage Site in 2020. Sibudu Cave, a rock shelter above the uThongathi River in KwaZulu-Natal, is regarded as one of South Africa’s most important archaeological sites. Discovered in 1967, Sibudu was first excavated in 1983 by archaeologist Aron Mazel of the Natal Museum. Between 1998 and 2011, Wits University directed the excavations, and since 2011 excavations have been directed by a German university. This prehistoric site is believed to hold answers about early human behaviour. The cave shows a long record of occupation between 77 000 and 35 000 years ago during the Middle Stone Age. From the excavations at Sibudu, evidence has been found of some of the earliest examples in the world of sea-shell beads, a wide variety of bone tools, bone arrowheads for hunting, use of herbal medicine, and the earliest example of the use of bedding - all about 70,000 years old." [Adapted from www.wits.ac.za and www.northcoastcourier.co.za] 5.2.2 Provide proof from the extract that Sibudu Cave can be linked to some of the earliest examples of human technology. (2 x 2) (4)

Refer to the extract: "SIBUDU CAVE FINALLY DECLARED A NATIONAL HERITAGE SITE — Sibudu Cave, located on a farm in Sinembe, Kwadukuza Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, was declared a National Heritage Site in 2020. Sibudu Cave, a rock shelter above the uThongathi River in KwaZulu-Natal, is regarded as one of South Africa’s most important archaeological sites. Discovered in 1967, Sibudu was first excavated in 1983 by archaeologist Aron Mazel of the Natal Museum. Between 1998 and 2011, Wits University directed the excavations, and since 2011 excavations have been directed by a German university. This prehistoric site is believed to hold answers about early human behaviour. The cave shows a long record of occupation between 77 000 and 35 000 years ago during the Middle Stone Age. From the excavations at Sibudu, evidence has been found of some of the earliest examples in the world of sea-shell beads, a wide variety of bone tools, bone arrowheads for hunting, use of herbal medicine, and the earliest example of the use of bedding - all about 70,000 years old." [Adapted from www.wits.ac.za and www.northcoastcourier.co.za] 5.2.3 Explain ONE way in which the agency mentioned in QUESTION 5.2.1 will protect a nationally declared archaeological heritage site such as Sibudu Cave. (2)